{"id":364,"date":"2021-12-15T14:49:56","date_gmt":"2021-12-15T05:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/?p=364"},"modified":"2022-01-03T20:45:40","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T11:45:40","slug":"m78-and-ldn1622","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/2021\/12\/15\/m78-and-ldn1622\/","title":{"rendered":"M78 and LDN1622"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><b>Messier 78<\/b>\u00a0or\u00a0<b>M78<\/b>, also known as\u00a0<b>NGC 2068<\/b>, is a\u00a0<a title=\"Reflection nebula\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reflection_nebula\">reflection nebula<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a title=\"Constellation\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constellation\">constellation<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Orion (constellation)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orion_(constellation)\">Orion<\/a>. It was discovered by\u00a0<a title=\"Pierre M\u00e9chain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_M%C3%A9chain\">Pierre M\u00e9chain<\/a>\u00a0in 1780 and included by\u00a0<a title=\"Charles Messier\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Messier\">Charles Messier<\/a>\u00a0in his catalog of\u00a0<a title=\"Comet\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comet\">comet<\/a>-like objects that same year.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Frommert2018_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier_78#cite_note-Frommert2018-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>M78 is the brightest diffuse reflection nebula of a group of nebulae that includes\u00a0<a title=\"NGC 2064\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_2064\">NGC 2064<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"NGC 2067\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_2067\">NGC 2067<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"NGC 2071\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_2071\">NGC 2071<\/a>. This group belongs to the\u00a0<a title=\"Orion Molecular Cloud Complex\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orion_Molecular_Cloud_Complex\">Orion B molecular cloud complex<\/a>\u00a0and is about 1,350\u00a0<a title=\"Light-year\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light-year\">light-years<\/a>\u00a0distant from Earth.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Smith2013_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier_78#cite_note-Smith2013-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0M78 is easily found in small\u00a0<a title=\"Telescope\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telescope\">telescopes<\/a>\u00a0as a hazy patch and involves two stars of 10th and 11th\u00a0<a title=\"Apparent magnitude\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apparent_magnitude\">magnitude<\/a>. These two\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"B-type star\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B-type_star\">B-type stars<\/a>,\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\"><i>HD 38563 A<\/i><\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\"><i>HD 38563 B<\/i><\/span>, are responsible for making the cloud of dust in M78 visible by reflecting their light.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Strom1974_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier_78#cite_note-Strom1974-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The M78 cloud contains a cluster of stars that is visible in the\u00a0<a title=\"Infrared\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infrared\">infrared<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Smith2013_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier_78#cite_note-Smith2013-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Due to gravity, the molecular gas in the nebula has fragmented into a hierarchy of clumps,<sup id=\"cite_ref-Smith2013_2-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier_78#cite_note-Smith2013-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0the denser cores of which about to form stars with masses of up to\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">5\u00a0<a title=\"Solar mass\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_mass\"><i>M<\/i><sub>\u2609<\/sub><\/a><\/span>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Motte2001_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier_78#cite_note-Motte2001-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0About 45\u00a0<a title=\"Variable star\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variable_star\">variable stars<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<i>T Tauri<\/i>\u00a0type,<sup id=\"cite_ref-Herbig1963_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier_78#cite_note-Herbig1963-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0young stars still in the process of formation, are members as well. Similarly, 17\u00a0<a title=\"Herbig\u2013Haro object\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbig%E2%80%93Haro_object\">Herbig\u2013Haro objects<\/a>\u00a0are known in M78.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Zhao1999_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier_78#cite_note-Zhao1999-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>(quote from Wikipedia)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&gt;&gt;&gt;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/130600202@N05\/51746935677\/sizes\/l\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Show full size photograph on the new tab.<\/a>\u00a0&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 666px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 156px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.8387%; height: 156px;\">Date and Place<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.871%; height: 156px;\">\n<p>2021-Nov-28<br \/>2021-Dec-03,04,10,11<br \/>Fujigane Remote Observatory, Yamanashi, Japan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.8387%; height: 27px;\">Scope<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.871%; height: 27px;\">Takahashi Epsilon180ED + BetaSGR Focuser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.8387%; height: 27px;\">Mount<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.871%; height: 27px;\">Skywatcher EQ8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.8387%; height: 27px;\">Camera<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.871%; height: 27px;\">ZWO ASI6200MM-Pro : -15[deg-c]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.8387%; height: 27px;\">Auto guiding<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.871%; height: 27px;\">QHY mini guide scope + ZWO ASI120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 118px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.8387%; height: 118px;\">Filter<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.871%; height: 118px;\">\n<p>Astrodon Tru-balance Gen.2 E-series LRGB Filter<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 188px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.8387%; height: 188px;\">Exposure<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.871%; height: 188px;\">Epsilon180ED + ASI6200MM-Pro<br \/>L : 120&#215;600[s], R : 22&#215;600[s], G :21&#215;600[s], B : 21&#215;600[s]<br \/>Total :1,840[min] = 30.6[hr]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 96px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.8387%; height: 96px;\">Software<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.871%; height: 96px;\">\n<p>Astroart8 with SHS Version 7.6 Build 89<br \/>PHD Guiding 2.6.10<br \/>Pixinsight 1.8.8-11<br \/>Photoshop CC 2022<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Messier 78\u00a0or\u00a0M78, also know&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":368,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[51,16,61,17,60],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=364"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":367,"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364\/revisions\/367"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astronote.ksgnet.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}